Given the potentially strong, adverse effects of measurement error and the possibility of minimizing these using Hidden Markov models (HMMs), the aim of this thesis ...

In this study, we investigated bias caused by spatial variability and spatial heterogeneity in outdoor air-pollutant concentrations, instrument imprecision, and choice of daily pollutant metric on ...

Inadequate shielding and bad grounding are often blamed when measurements are inaccurate, especially in high-impedance applications. In fact, shielding and grounding problems are frequently ...

To acquire the particle size distribution of samples in liquid suspension, the NTA technique uses the properties of Brownian motion and light scattering. When a laser beam is passed through the sample ...