Drought is a naturally occurring climate phenomenon that significantly affects human and environmental activity, and can be considered one of the most widespread and destructive natural disasters.
This paper presents research into conflict analysis, utilizing Hidden Markov models to capture the patterns of escalation in a conflict and Markov chains to forecast future escalations. Hidden Markov ...
Download PDF More Formats on IMF eLibrary Order a Print Copy Create Citation This paper proposes a hidden state Markov model (HMM) that incorporates workers’ unobserved labor market attachment into ...
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