Using data on electromagnetic (EM) waves and plasma particles measured simultaneously via multiple satellites, an international collaborative research group has discovered the existence of invisible ...

Lightning electromagnetic fields (LEMFs) are complex, multi-component signals generated during a lightning discharge that propagate through the atmosphere and into the ground. Their characteristics ...

Electromagnetic wave propagation in layered media is a subject of enduring importance in both theoretical and applied physics. It encompasses the study of how electromagnetic fields interact with ...

AbstractIn this tutorial we summarize the physics and mathematics behind refractive electromagnetic wave bending and delay. Refractive bending and delay through the Earth’s atmosphere at both ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. The Universe is out there, waiting for you to discover it. There are two fundamental classes of theories required to describe the ...

The sun is a dynamic part of our solar system, and it throws plasma and radiation out into space regularly. But not all of ...

The amount of spectrum occupied by the channel corresponding to a service, measured in hertz, is known as its bandwidth.

Often, the familiar hides the deepest mysteries. This is certainly the case with light, one of the take-it-for-granted physical phenomena that surrounds us in everyday life. We wake up to it, we turn ...

What are the EMI challenges in submarines? EMI mitigation strategies for underwater systems. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) may affect the performance of any onboard electronic systems in a ...